Teacher's Day Of India 🇮🇳

Teachers Day 2018 : भारत में हर साल 5 सितंबर को शिक्षक दिवस मनाया जाता है। इस दिन पूर्व राष्ट्रपति सर्वपल्ली राधाकृष्णन का जन्म हुआ था। 1962 से भारत में टीचर्स डे मनाया जा रहा है

नई दिल्ली: हर साल 5 सितंबर को भारत में शिक्षक दिवस (Teacher's Day) मनाया जाता है। ये दिन है, जब आप उन लोगों के प्रति अपना प्यार और सम्मान दर्शाते हैं, जिनसे आपको जीवन में कुछ खास सीखने को मिला है। ये स्कूल टीचर से लेकर, कॉलेज प्रोफेसर तक, ट्रेनर से लेकर कोच तक कोई भी किसी भी क्षेत्र का हो सकता है। इस दिन भारत के पहले उपराष्ट्रपति और दूसरे राष्ट्रपति सर्वपल्ली राधाकृष्णन का जन्मदिन होता है। उनका जन्मदिन भारत में टीचर्स डे के तौर पर ही मनाया जाता है।

सर्वपल्ली राधाकृष्णन भारतीय संस्कृति के संवाहक, प्रख्यात शिक्षाविद और महान दार्शनिक थे। राजनीति में आने से पहले डॉ सर्वपल्ली राधाकृष्णन एक सम्मानित अकादमिक थे। वह कई कॉलेजों में प्रोफेसर थे। 
Therahuljha.tumblr.com

वे ऑक्सफर्ड विश्वविद्यालय में 1936 से 1952 तक प्राध्यापक रहे। कलकत्ता विश्वविद्यालय के अंतर्गत आने वाले जॉर्ज पंचम कॉलेज के प्रोफेसर के रूप में 1937 से 1941 तक कार्य किया। 1946 में युनेस्को में भारतीय प्रतिनिधि के रूप में अपनी उपस्थिति दर्ज कराई। 

इस दिन शिक्षक दिवस बनाए जाने की कहानी यह है कि भारत का राष्ट्रपति होने के बाद उनके कुछ दोस्तों और शिष्यों ने उनसे उनका जन्मदिन मनाने की अनुमति देने के लिए कहा। इस पर उन्होंने कहा कि मेरे जन्मदिन का जश्न मनाने की बजाय, 5 सितंबर को शिक्षक दिवस के रूप में मनाया जाए तो मुझे गर्व महसूस होगा। 

तब से उनके जन्मदिन को भारत में शिक्षक दिवस के रूप में मनाया जाने लगा। हर देश में शिक्षक दिवस अलग-अलग तारीखों पर मनाया जाता है। जैसे- चीन में ये 10 सितंबर को मनाया जाता है। वहीं पाकिस्तान में 5 अक्टूबर को टीचर्स डे मनाया जाता है।

Securities and Exchange Board of India

The Securities and Exchange Board of India(SEBI) is the regulator for the securities market in India. It was established in the year 1988 and given statutory powers on 30 January 1992 through the SEBI Act, 1992.^[1]

Securities and Exchange Board of Indiaभारतीय प्रतिभूति और विनिमय बोर्ड
SEBI Bhavan, Mumbai headquartersAgency overviewFormed12 April 1988^[1]JurisdictionGovernment of IndiaHeadquartersMumbai, MaharashtraEmployees643+(2012)^[2]Agency executives

Ajay Tyagi, Chairman

Anand Rajeshwar Baiwar ( Indian Revenue Service), Executive Director

Websitewww.sebi.gov.in

HistoryEdit

Securities and exchange Board of India (SEBI) was first established in the year 1988 AQF as a non-statutory body for regulating the, securities market. It became an autonomous body by The Government of India on 12 April 1992 and given statutory powers in 1992 with SEBI Act 1992 being passed by the Indian Parliament. SEBI has its headquarters at the business district of Bandra Kurla Complex in Mumbai, and has Northern, Eastern, Southern and Western Regional Offices in New Delhi, Kolkata, Chennai and Ahmedabadrespectively. It has opened local offices at Jaipur and Bangalore and is planning to open offices at Guwahati, Bhubaneshwar, Patna, Kochi and Chandigarh in Financial Year 2013 - 2014.

Controller of Capital Issues was the regulatory authority before SEBI came into existence; it derived authority from the Capital Issues (Control) Act, 1947.

Initially SEBI was a non statutory body without any statutory power. However, in 1992, the SEBI was given additional statutory power by the Government of India through an amendment to the Securities and Exchange Board of India Act, 1992. In April 1988 the SEBI was constituted as the regulator of capital markets in India under a resolution of the Government of India. The SEBI is managed by its members, which consists of following:

The chairman who is nominated by Union Government of India.Two members, i.e., Officers from Union Finance Ministry. One member from the Reserve Bank of India. The remaining five members are nominated by Union Government of India, out of them at least three shall be whole-time members.

After amendment of 1999, collective investment scheme brought under SEBI except NIDHI, chit fund and cooperatives.

Organization structureEdit

Ajay Tyagi was appointed chairman on 10 January 2017 replacing U K Sinha.^[3] And took charge of chairman office on 1 March 2017. The Board comprises^[4]

NameDesignationAjay TyagiChairmanGurumoorthy MahalingamWhole Time MemberSanjeev KaushikWhole Time MemberMadhabi Puri BuchWhole Time MemberShaktikanta DasPart Time MemberN.S. VishwanathanPart Time MemberPrem Kumar (Late)Part Time Member

List of Chairmen:^[5]

NameFromToAjay Tyagi10 February 2017presentU K Sinha18 February 201110 February 2017C. B. Bhave18 February 200818 February 2011M. Damodaran18 February 200518 February 2008G. N. Bajpai20 February 200218 February 2005D. R. Mehta21 February 199520 February 2002S. S. Nadkarni17 January 199431 January 1995G. V. Ramakrishna24 August 199017 January 1994Dr. S. A. Dave12 April 198823 August 1990

Functions and responsibilitiesEdit

The Preamble of the Securities and Exchange Board of India describes the basic functions of the Securities and Exchange Board of India as "...to protect the interests of investors in securities and to promote the development of, and to regulate the securities market and for matters connected there with or incidental there to".

SEBI has to be responsive to the needs of three groups, which constitute the market: ● the issuers of securities ● the investors ● the market intermediaries.

SEBI has three functions rolled into one body: quasi-legislative, quasi-judicial and quasi-executive. It drafts regulations in its legislative capacity, it conducts investigation and enforcement action in its executive function and it passes rulings and orders in its judicial capacity. Though this makes it very powerful, there is an appeal process to create accountability. There is a Securities Appellate Tribunal which is a three-member tribunal and is headed by Mr. Justice J P Devadhar, a former judge of the Bombay High Court.^[6] A second appeal lies directly to the Supreme Court. SEBI has taken a very proactive role in streamlining disclosure requirements to international standards.^[7]

PowersEdit

For the discharge of its functions efficiently, SEBI has been vested with the following powers:

to approve by−laws of Securities exchanges.

to require the Securities exchange to amend their by−laws.

inspect the books of accounts and call for periodical returns from recognized Securities exchanges.

inspect the books of accounts of financial intermediaries.

compel certain companies to list their shares in one or more Securities exchanges.

registration broke

There are two types of brokers:

Discount Brokers

Merchant Brokers

SEBI committees

Technical Advisory Committee

Committee for review of structure of market infrastructure institutions

Advisory Committee for the SEBI Investor Protection and Education Fund

Takeover Regulations Advisory Committee

Primary Market Advisory Committee (PMAC)

Secondary Market Advisory Committee (SMAC)

Mutual Fund Advisory Committee

Corporate Bonds & Securitization Advisory Committee

Major achievementsEdit

SEBI has enjoyed success as a regulator by pushing systematic reforms aggressively and successively. SEBI is credited for quick movement towards making the markets electronic and paperless by introducing T+5 rolling cycle from July 2001 and T+3 in April 2002 and further to T+2 in April 2003. The rolling cycle of T+2^[8] means, Settlement is done in 2 days after Trade date.^[9] SEBI has been active in setting up the regulations as required under law. SEBI did away with physical certificates that were prone to postal delays, theft and forgery, apart from making the settlement process slow and cumbersome by passing Depositories Act, 1996.^[10]

SEBI has also been instrumental in taking quick and effective steps in light of the global meltdown and the Satyam fiasco.^{[citation needed]}In October 2011, it increased the extent and quantity of disclosures to be made by Indian corporate promoters.^[11] In light of the global meltdown, it liberalised the takeover code to facilitate investments by removing regulatory structures. In one such move, SEBI has increased the application limit for retail investors to ₹ 2 lakh, from ₹ 1 lakh at present.^[12]

ControversiesEdit

Supreme Court of India heard a Public Interest Litigation (PIL) filed by India Rejuvenation Initiative that had challenged the procedure for key appointments adopted by Govt of India. The petition alleged that, "The constitution of the search-cum-selection committee for recommending the name of chairman and every whole-time members of SEBI for appointment has been altered, which directly impacted its balance and could compromise the role of the SEBI as a watchdog." ^[13][14] On 21 November 2011, the court allowed petitioners to withdraw the petition and file a fresh petition pointing out constitutional issues regarding appointments of regulators and their independence. The Chief Justice of India refused the finance ministry’s request to dismiss the PIL and said that the court was well aware of what was going on in SEBI.^[13][15] Hearing a similar petition filed by Bengaluru-based advocate Anil Kumar Agarwal, a two judge Supreme Court bench of Justice SS Nijjar and Justice HL Gokhale issued a notice to the Govt of India, SEBI chief UK Sinha and Omita Paul, Secretary to the [President of India].^[16][17]

Further, it came into light that Dr KM Abraham (the then whole time member of SEBI Board) had written to the Prime Minister about malaise in SEBI. He said, "The regulatory institution is under duress and under severe attack from powerful corporate interests operating concertedly to undermine SEBI". He specifically said that Finance Minister's office, and especially his advisor Omita Paul, were trying to influence many cases before SEBI, including those relating to Sahara Group, Reliance, Bank of Rajasthan and MCX.^[18][19]...

SEBI and Regional Securities Exchanges^[20]Edit

SEBI in its circular dated May 30, 2012 gave exit - guidelines for Securities exchanges. This was mainly due to illiquid nature of trade on many of 20+ regional Securities exchanges. It had asked many of these exchanges to either meet the required criteria or take a graceful exit. SEBI’s new norms for Securities exchanges mandates that it should have minimum net-worth of Rs.100 crore and an annual trading of Rs.1,000 crore. The Indian Securities market regulator SEBI had given the recognized Securities exchanges two years to comply or exit the business.

Process of De-recognition and Exit:^[21]Edit

Following is an excerpts from the circular

1.Exchanges may seek exit through voluntary surrender of recognition.

2.Securities where the annual trading turnover on its own platform is less than Rs 1000 Crore can apply to SEBI for voluntary surrender of recognition and exit, at any time before the expiry of two years from the date of issuance of this Circular.

3.If the Securities exchange is not able to achieve the prescribed turnover of Rs 1000 Crores on continuous basis or does not apply for voluntary surrender of recognition and exit before the expiry of two years from the date of this Circular, SEBI shall proceed with compulsory de-recognition and exit of such Securities exchanges, in terms of the conditions as may be specified by SEBI.

4.Securities Exchanges which are already de-recognised as on date, shall make an application for exit within two months from the date of this circular. Upon failure to do so, the de-recognized exchange shall be subject to compulsory exit process.

SEBI DepartmentsEdit

SEBI regulates Indian financial market through its 20 departments.^[22] These are -

Commodity Derivatives Market Regulation Department (CDMRD)

Corporation Finance Department (CFD)

Department of Economic and Policy Analysis (DEPA)

Department of Debt and Hybrid Securities (DDHS)

Enforcement Department – 1 (EFD1)

Enforcement Department – 2 (EFD2)

Enquiries and Adjudication Department (EAD)

General Services Department (GSD)

Human Resources Department (HRD)

Information Technology Department (ITD)

Integrated Surveillance Department (ISD)

Investigations Department (IVD)

Investment Management Department (IMD)

Legal Affairs Department (LAD)

Market Intermediaries Regulation and Supervision Department (MIRSD)

Market Regulation Department (MRD)

Office of International Affairs (OIA)

Office of Investor Assistance and Education (OIAE)

Office of the Chairman (OCH)

Regional Offices (RO’s)

Water is limited source don't waste it

Where there is Water 💦, there is life. Life is not possible without water. Our Earth is the only planet on which life is possible, because here all other essential things are available to make water and life possible. Life is not possible on other planets like Mars, Mercury or Venus. They are like a desert desert because there is no water available. Water is essential for life, as well as it makes the environment clean too. Many people die by drowned in heavy and heavy rain, but there is special importance in the life of water. Water is such a lifelong liquid whose touch touches the sick person from getting sick and gets a new life. Without water, no kind of life can be imagined. This is a gift given by nature which we should respect. We need water in drinking, washing, washing, cleaning and snowing. Water is also used in fire extinguishing, entertainment like color play etc. Water is also used in floating, boat boats, and catching fishes, because there is no water if there is no water. We need water for all the crops, gardens and animals, etc. We need water to make electricity and other products, even cooking food. Most of the earth's area is surrounded by islands and rivers. The oceans, waterfalls, rivers, ponds, wells are all over the water. In the environment it is present in the form of snow, steam and cloud. One drop of water is precious. Therefore, it should not be ruined. Water is a very important resource, it maintains balance in the environment and helps maintain the life. Water cycle helps the rain and then the same rain water reaches the sea again with the rivers. Therefore, abuse of water should not be ruined in vain. But every single water is not worth drinking. We neither use sea water nor drink dirty and polluted water for drinking. We should always use clean and pure water to drink. But the amount of drinking water is very short. Therefore, we should not pollute the water. Water pollution has become a serious problem. For all prevention of water pollution everyone needs cooperation. Water is an invaluable gift given by nature. Therefore, we should not pollute it, because water is the second name of life. #Iamrahul #Iamrahuljha #RAHUL #RAHULJHA #RAHULJHANOIDA

#happyholi #studysharp

होली

होली सामान्य ज्ञान।

   

होली (Holi) वसंत ऋतु में मनाया जाने वाला एक महत्वपूर्ण भारतीय और नेपाली लोगों का त्यौहार है। यह पर्वहिंदू पंचांग के अनुसार फाल्गुन मास की पूर्णिमा को मनाया जाता है। रंगों का त्यौहार कहा जाने वाला यह पर्व पारंपरिक रूप से दो दिन मनाया जाता है। यह प्रमुखता से भारत तथा नेपाल में मनाया जाता है। यह त्यौहार कई अन्य देशों जिनमें अल्पसंख्यक हिन्दू लोग रहते हैं वहाँ भी धूम-धाम के साथ मनाया जाता है।^[1] पहले दिन को होलिका जलायी जाती है, जिसे होलिका दहन भी कहते हैं। दूसरे दिन, जिसे प्रमुखतः धुलेंडी व धुरड्डी, धुरखेल या धूलिवंदन इसके अन्य नाम हैं, लोग एक दूसरे पर रंग, अबीर-गुलाल इत्यादि फेंकते हैं, ढोल बजा कर होली के गीत गाये जाते हैं और घर-घर जा कर लोगों को रंग लगाया जाता है। ऐसा माना जाता है कि होली के दिन लोग पुरानी कटुता को भूल कर गले मिलते हैं और फिर से दोस्त बन जाते हैं। एक दूसरे को रंगने और गाने-बजाने का दौर दोपहर तक चलता है। इसके बाद स्नान कर के विश्राम करने के बाद नए कपड़े पहन कर शाम को लोग एक दूसरे के घर मिलने जाते हैं, गले मिलते हैं और मिठाइयाँखिलाते हैं।^[2]

होली
होली के अवसर पर गुलाल से रंगीन चेहरा।आधिकारिक नामहोलीअन्य नामफगुआ, धुलेंडी, दोलअनुयायीहिन्दू, भारतीय, भारतीय प्रवासी, नेपाली, नेपाली प्रवासीप्रकारHinduउद्देश्यधार्मिक निष्ठा, उत्सव, मनोरंजनउत्सवरंग खेलना, गाना-बजाना, हुड़दंगअनुष्ठानहोलिका दहन व रंग खेलनाआरम्भअत्यंत प्राचीनतिथिफाल्गुन पूर्णिमासमान पर्वहोला मोहल्ला, याओसांगइत्यादि

राग-रंग का यह लोकप्रिय पर्व वसंत का संदेशवाहक भी है।^[3] राग अर्थात संगीत और रंग तो इसके प्रमुख अंग हैं ही पर इनको उत्कर्ष तक पहुँचाने वाली प्रकृति भी इस समय रंग-बिरंगे यौवन के साथ अपनी चरम अवस्था पर होती है। फाल्गुन माह में मनाए जाने के कारण इसे फाल्गुनी भी कहते हैं। होली का त्यौहार वसंत पंचमी से ही आरंभ हो जाता है। उसी दिन पहली बार गुलाल उड़ाया जाता है। इस दिन से फाग और धमार का गाना प्रारंभ हो जाता है। खेतों में सरसोंखिल उठती है। बाग-बगीचों में फूलों की आकर्षक छटा छा जाती है। पेड़-पौधे, पशु-पक्षी और मनुष्य सब उल्लास से परिपूर्ण हो जाते हैं। खेतों में गेहूँ की बालियाँ इठलाने लगती हैं। बच्चे-बूढ़े सभी व्यक्ति सब कुछ संकोच और रूढ़ियाँ भूलकर ढोलक-झाँझ-मंजीरों की धुन के साथ नृत्य-संगीत व रंगों में डूब जाते हैं। चारों तरफ़ रंगों की फुहार फूट पड़ती है।^[4] होली के दिन आम्र मंजरी तथा चंदन को मिलाकर खाने का बड़ा माहात्म्य है।^[5]

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अंतिम बार 1 मार्च 2018 को 00:42 बजे संपादित किया गया

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गोपनीयता

डेस्कटॉप

#HappyRepublicDay

एक नया गणतंत्र फिर से लिखना चाहिए,आदमी जिसमें आदमी सा दिखना चाहिए.विकास देश का, हक गरीबो का खा गया,भ्रष्टाचार के दानव तुझे और कितना चाहिए......फूल जैसा दिल रखो, देश के जवानों लेकिन,बाजुओ में बल हिमालय के जितना चाहिए..तस्वीरों से क्या होगा गाँधी भगत सुभाष की,उनकी राह चल सके ईमान

#HappyRepublicDay

🇮🇳🇮🇳🇮🇳🇮🇳🇮🇳🇮🇳🇮🇳🇮🇳🇮🇳🇮🇳🇮🇳🇮🇳🇮🇳🇮🇳🇮🇳🇮🇳🇮🇳🇮🇳🇮🇳🇮🇳🇮🇳🇮🇳🇮🇳🇮🇳🇮🇳🇮🇳🇮🇳🇮🇳🇮🇳🇮🇳🇮🇳🇮🇳🇮🇳

कुछ नशा #तिरंगे की आन का है , कुछ नशा #मातृभूमि की शान का है , हम लहरायेंगे हर जगह ये तिरंगा , नशा ये #हिन्दुस्तां के #सम्मान का है .
#HappyRepublicDay #26January

🌹🌹🌹🌹🌹🌹🌹🌹🌹🌹🌹🌹🌹🌹🌹

#iamrahul #iamrahuljha #rahul #rahuljha #rahuljhanoida

🌻🌻🌻🌻🌻🌻🌻🌻🌻🌻🌻

Check out @RahuljhaOFFICAL’s Tweet: https://twitter.com/RahuljhaOFFICAL/status/956732570858696705?s=08

10 january

आप सभी को #विश्व_हिन्दी_दिवस एवं #विश्व_हास्य_दिवस (१० जनवरी) जनवरी की हार्दिक #बधाईयां
@rashtrapatibhvn @HRDMinistry @DDNewsHindi @narendramodi
#iamrahul #iamrahuljha #rahul #rahuljha #rahuljhanoida https://t.co/gXgSyrDzvY

Swami vivekananda

Swami Vivekananda Bengal (born Narendranath Datta) was a Hindu monk, and disciple of the famous Indian mystic Ramakrishna Paramhamsa. Let's have a look at his life, teachings & philosophy.

Swami Vivekananda

Date of Birth: January12, 1863 

Place of Birth: Calcutta, Bengal Presidency (Now Kolkata in West Bengal)

Parents: Vishwanath Dutta (Father) and Bhuvaneshwari Devi (Mother)

Education: Calcutta Metropolitan School; Presidency College, Calcutta

Institutions: Ramakrishna Math; Ramakrishna Mission; Vedanta Society of New York

Religious Views: Hinduism

Philosophy: Advaita Vedanta

Publications: Karma Yoga (1896); Raja Yoga (1896); Lectures from Colombo to Almora (1897); My Master (1901)

Death: July 4, 1902

Place of Death: Belur Math, Belur, Bengal

Memorial: Belur Math, Belur, West Bengal

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Swami Vivekananda was a Hindu monk and one of the most celebrated spiritual leaders of India. He was more than just a spiritual mind; he was a prolific thinker, great orator and passionate patriot. He carried on the free-thinking philosophy of his guru, Ramakrishna Paramhansa forward into a new paradigm. He worked tirelessly towards betterment of the society, in servitude of the poor and needy, dedicating his all for his country. He was responsible for the revival of Hindu spiritualism and established Hinduism as a revered religion on world stage. His message of universal brotherhood and self-awakening remains relevant especially in the current backdrop of widespread political turmoil around the world. The young monk and his teachings have been an inspiration to many, and his words have become goals of self-improvement especially for the youth of the country. For this very reason, his birthday, January 12, is celebrated as the National Youth Day in India.

Early Life and Education

Born Narendranath Dutta, into an affluent Bengali family in Calcutta, Vivekananda was one of the eight children of Vishwanath Dutta and Bhuvaneshwari Devi. He was born on January 12, 1863, on the occasion of Makar Sankranti. Father Vishwanath was a successful attorney with considerable influence in society. Narendranath’s mother Bhuvaneshwari was a woman endowed with a strong, God-fearing mind who had a great impact on her son. 

As a young boy, Narendranath displayed sharp intellect. His mischievous nature belied his interest in music, both instrumental as well as vocal. He excelled in his studies as well, first at the Metropolitan institution, and later at the Presidency College in Calcutta. By the time he graduated from the college, he had acquired a vast knowledge of different subjects. He was active in sports, gymnastics, wrestling and body building. He was an avid reader and read up on almost everything under the sun. He perused the Hindu scriptures like the Bhagvad Gita and the Upanishads on one hand, while on the other hand he studied western philosophy, history and spirituality by David Hume, Johann Gottlieb Fichte and Herbert Spencer.

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Spiritual Crisis and Relationship with Ramkrishna Paramhansa

Although Narendranath’s mother was a devout woman and he had grown up in a religious atmosphere at home, he underwent a deep spiritual crisis at the start of his youth. His well-studied knowledge led him to question the existence of God and for some time he believed in Agnosticism. Yet he could not completely ignore the existence of a Supreme Being. He became associated with Brahmo Movement led by Keshab Chandra Sen, for some time. The Bramho Samaj recognised one God unlike the idol-worshipping, superstition-ridden Hinduism. The host of philosophical questions regarding the existence of God roiling through his mind remained unanswered. During this spiritual crisis, Vivekananda first heard about Sri Ramakrishna from William Hastie, the Principal of the Scottish Church College.

Earlier, to satisfy his intellectual quest for God, Narendranath visited prominent spiritual leaders from all religions, asking them a single question, “Have you seen God?” Each time he came away without a satisfying answer. He put forward the same question to Sri Ramkrishna at his residence in Dakshinewar Kali Temple compounds. Without a moment's hesitation, Sri Ramakrishna replied: "Yes, I have. I see God as clearly as I see you, only in a much deeper sense." Vivekananda, initially unimpressed by the simplicity of Ramkrishna, was astonished with Ramakrishna's reply. Ramakrishna gradually won over this argumentative young man with his patience and love. The more Narendranath visited Dakshineshwar, the more his questions were answered.

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Spiritual Awakening

In 1884, Naredranath underwent a considerable financial distress due to the death of his father as he had to support his mother and younger siblings. He asked Ramakrishna to pray to the Goddess for the financial welfare of his family. On Ramakrishna’s suggestion he himself went to the temple to pray. But once he faced the Goddess he could not ask for money and wealth, instead he asked for ‘Vivek’ (conscience) and ‘Bairagya’ (reclusion). That day marked the complete spiritual awakening of Narendranath and he found himself drawn to an ascetic way of life.

Life of a Monk

During the middle of 1885, Ramakrishna, who had been suffering from throat cancer, fell seriously ill. In September 1885, Sri Ramakrishna was moved to Shyampukur in Culcutta, and a few months later Narendranath took a rented villa at Cossipore. Here, he formed a group of young people who were ardent followers of Sri Ramakrishna and together they nursed their Guru with devoted care. On 16 August 1886, Sri Ramakrishna gave up his mortal body.

After the demise of Sri Ramakrishna, around fifteen of his disciples including Narendranath began to live together in a dilapidated building at Baranagar in North Calcutta, which was named Ramakrishna Math, the monastic order of Ramakrishna. Here, in 1887, they formally renounced all ties to the world and took vows of monkhood. The brotherhood rechristened themselves and Narendranath emerged as Vivekananda meaning "the bliss of discerning wisdom". 

The brotherhood lived off on alms donated voluntarily by patrons during holy begging or ‘madhukari’, performed yoga and meditation. Vivekananda left the Math in 1886 and went on a tour of India on foot as a ‘Parivrajak’. He travelled the breadth of the country, absorbing much of the social, cultural and religious aspects of the people he came in contact with. He witnessed the adversities of life that the common people faced, their ailments, and vowed to dedicate his life to bring relief to these suffering.

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Lecture at the World Parliament of Religions

During the course of his wanderings, he came to know about the World Parliament of Religions being held in Chicago, America in 1893. He was keen to attend the meeting, to represent India, Hinduism and his Guru Sri Ramakrishna’s philosophies. He found assertion of his wishes while he was meditating on the rocks of Kanyakumari, the southernmost tip of India. Money was raised by his disciples in Madras (now Chennai) and Ajit Singh, Raja of Khetri, and Vivekananda left for Chicago on May 31, 1893 from Bombay.

He faced insurmountable hardships on his way to Chicago, but his spirits remained as indomitable as ever. On 11 September 1893, when the time came, he took the stage and stunned everyone with his opening line “My brothers and sisters of America”. He received a standing ovation from the audience for the opening phrase. He went on to describe the principles of Vedanta and their spiritual significance, putting Hinduism on the map of World Religions.

He spent the next two and a half years in America and founded the Vedanta Society of New York in 1894. He also travelled to the United Kingdom to preach the tenets of the Vedanta and Hindu Spiritualism to the western world.

Teachings and Ramakrishna Mission

Vivekananda returned to India in 1897 amidst warm reception from the common and royal alike. He reached Calcutta after a series of lectures across the country and founded the Ramakrishna Mission on May 1, 1897 at Belur Math near Calcutta. The goals of the Ramakrishna Mission were based on the ideals of Karma Yoga and its primary objective was to serve the poor and distressed population of the country. The Ramakrishna Mission undertook various forms of social service like establishing and running school, collages and hospitals, propagation of practical tenets of Vedanta through conference, seminars and workshops, initiating relief and rehabilitation work across the country.

His religious conscience was an amalgamation of Sri Ramakrishna’s spiritual teachings of Divine manifestation and his personal internalization of the Advaita Vedanta philosophy. He directed to achieve the divinity of the soul by undertaking selfless work, worship and mental discipline. According to Vivekananda, the ultimate goal is to achieve freedom of the soul and that encompasses the entirety of one’s religion.

Swami Vivekananda was a prominent nationalist, and had the overall welfare of his countrymen topmost in his mind. He urged his fellow countrymen to “Arise, awake and stop not till the goal is reached”.

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Death

Swami Vivekananda had predicted that he will not live till the age of forty. On July 4, 1902, he went about his days’ work at the Belur Math, teaching Sanskrit grammar to the pupils. He retired to his room in the evening and died during meditation at around 9. He is said to have attained ‘Mahasamadhi’ and the great saint was cremated on the Banks of river Ganga. 

Legacy

Swami Vivekananda revealed to the world the true foundations of India's unity as a nation. He taught how a nation with such a vast diversity can be bound together by a feeling of humanity and brother-hood. Vivekananda emphasized the points of drawbacks of western culture and the contribution of India to overcome those. Netaji Subhash Chandra Bose once said: "Swamiji harmonized the East and the West, religion and science, past and present. And that is why he is great. Our countrymen have gained unprecedented self-respect, self-reliance and self-assertion from his teachings." Vivekananda was successful in constructing a virtual bridge between the culture of East and the West. He interpreted the Hindu scriptures, philosophy and the way of life to the Western people. He made them realize that in spite of poverty and backwardness, India had a great contribution to make to world culture. He played a key role in ending India's cultural isolation from the rest of the world.